The Harvard International Review is a quarterly magazine offering insight on international affairs from the perspectives of scholars, leaders, and policymakers. Since our founding in 1979, we've set ...

Gazprom, Russia’s largest oil and gas company, provided 45 percent of EU gas imports before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. As European countries seek to condemn Russia’s actions, the ...

A leader in exile. Children forced into cultural assimilation. A barrage of failed protests. For more than 50 years, China, a global superpower with a population over 400 times that of Tibet, has ...

Russia and Japan have yet to sign a formal peace treaty to end World War II. Both nations’ reluctance boils down to their dispute over a string of islands stretching from Hokkaido, Japan’s ...

Two hundred and fifty thousand workers under the Kafala system in Lebanon are currently struggling to survive in an exploitative system. Conflicts within the country due to an economic recession and ...

If one were to classify the employment process in the UAE as modern slavery, recruitment fees would serve as the first step towards enslavement. Even before arriving in the UAE, migrant workers find ...

In a world that is quick to speak and even quicker to anger, even peace itself begins to resemble the violence it aims to cease. Amidst discussions and political promises that cry for “peace in the ...

Imagine this scenario: you learn that a young woman is missing in your city. The next day, someone finds her body on the side of the highway. She has been stabbed dozens of times and is now ...

China is increasingly motivated to lead the energy transition for key strategic reasons. China’s investment in a future without fossil fuels can be explained by China’s desire to both decrease its ...

In 2023, trade between China and Russia reached US$240 billion, a 26.3 percent increase from the previous year and more than double from 2018 (US$107 billion). Collaborations like the 2012 ...

The potential for exploitation permits to be granted in the near future has come amidst struggles to develop a comprehensive legal framework among ISA members for deep-sea mining operations. Since ...

“Japan is standing on the verge of whether [it] can continue to function as a society.” While the Japanese government and people might not be against immigrants, Japan could provide them with better ...